Centos7部署k8s环境教程 一. 为什么是k8s v1.17.0? 最新版的v1.16.2试过了,一直无法安装完成,安装到kubeadm init那一步执行后,报了很多错,如:node xxx not found等。centos7 都重装了几次,还是无法解决。用了一天都没安装完,差点放弃。
后来在网上搜到的安装教程基本都是v1.16.0的,我不太相信是v1.16.2的坑所以先前没打算降级到v1.16.0。没办法了就试着安装v1.16.0版本,竟然成功了。记录在此,避免后来者踩坑。
本篇文章,安装大步骤如下:
安装docker-ce 18.09.9(所有机器)
设置k8s环境前置条件(所有机器)
安装k8s v1.16.0 master管理节点
安装k8s v1.16.0 node工作节点
安装flannel(master)
这里有重要的一步,请记住自己master和node之间通信的ip,如我的master的ip为192.168.99.104,node的ip为:192.168.99.105. 请确保使用这两个ip在master和node上能互相ping通,这个master的ip 192.168.99.104接下来配置k8s的时候需要用到。
我的环境:
二. 设置k8s环境准备条件(所有机器) 安装k8s的机器需要2个CPU和2g内存以上,这个简单,在虚拟机里面配置一下就可以了。然后执行以下脚本做一些准备操作。所有安装k8s的机器都需要这一步操作。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 # 关闭防火墙 systemctl disable firewalld systemctl stop firewalld # 关闭selinux # 临时禁用selinux setenforce 0 # 永久关闭 修改/etc/sysconfig/selinux文件设置 sed -i 's/SELINUX=permissive/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/sysconfig/selinux sed -i "s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g" /etc/selinux/config # 禁用交换分区 swapoff -a # 永久禁用,打开/etc/fstab注释掉swap那一行。 sed -i 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab # 修改内核参数 cat <<EOF > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1 net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1 EOF sysctl --system
三. 安装docker-ce 18.06.1(所有机器) 所有安装k8s的机器都需要安装docker,命令如下:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 # 安装docker所需的工具 yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 # 配置阿里云的docker源 yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo # 指定安装这个版本的docker-ce yum install -y docker-ce-18.06.1.ce-3.el7 # 启动docker systemctl enable docker && systemctl start docker
四. 安装k8s v1.17.0 master管理节点 如果还没安装docker,请参照本文步骤二安装docker-ce 18.09.9(所有机器)安装。
如果没设置k8s环境准备条件,请参照本文步骤三设置k8s环境准备条件(所有机器)执行。
以上两个步骤检查完毕之后,继续以下步骤。
1. 安装kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl 由于官方k8s源在google,国内无法访问,这里使用阿里云yum 源
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 # 执行配置k8s阿里云源 [root@k8s-master ~]# cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF > [kubernetes] > name=Kubernetes > baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64 > enabled=1 > gpgcheck=0 > repo_gpgcheck=0 > gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg > EOF # 安装kubeadm、kubectl、kubelet yum install -y kubectl-1.17.0 kubeadm-1.17.0 kubelet-1.17.0 # 启动kubelet服务 systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl start kubelet
初始化k8s
以下这个命令开始安装k8s需要用到的docker镜像,因为无法访问到国外网站,所以这条命令使用的是国内的阿里云的源(registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers)。
另一个非常重要的是:这里的–apiserver-advertise-address使用的是master和node间能互相ping通的ip,我这里是192.168.99.104,刚开始在这里被坑了一个晚上,你请自己修改下ip执行。
这条命令执行时会卡在[preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using ''kubeadm config images pull
,大概需要2分钟,请耐心等待。
1 2 3 # 下载管理节点中用到的6个docker镜像,你可以使用docker images查看到 # 这里需要大概两分钟等待,会卡在[preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using ''kubeadm config images pull kubeadm init --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers --kubernetes-version v1.16.0 --apiserver-advertise-address 192.168.31.61 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 --token-ttl 0
上面安装完后,会提示你输入如下命令,复制粘贴过来,执行即可。
1 2 3 4 # 上面安装完成后,k8s会提示你输入如下命令,执行 mkdir -p $HOME/.kube sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
记住node加入集群的命令 上面kubeadm init执行成功后会返回给你node节点加入集群的命令,等会要在node节点上执行,需要保存下来,如果忘记了,可以使用如下命令获取。
1 kubeadm token create --print-join-command
以上,安装master节点完毕。可以使用kubectl get nodes查看一下,此时master处于NotReady状态,暂时不用管。
五. 安装k8s v1.16.0 node工作节点 如果还没安装docker,请参照本文步骤二安装docker-ce 18.09.9(所有机器)安装。
如果没设置k8s环境准备条件,请参照本文步骤三设置k8s环境准备条件(所有机器)执行。
以上两个步骤检查完毕之后,继续以下步骤。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 # 执行配置k8s阿里云源 [root@k8s-master ~]# cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF > [kubernetes] > name=Kubernetes > baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64 > enabled=1 > gpgcheck=0 > repo_gpgcheck=0 > gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg > EOF # 安装kubeadm、kubelet yum install -y kubeadm-1.17.0 kubelet-1.17.0 # 启动kubelet服务 systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl start kubelet
加入集群 这里加入集群的命令每个人都不一样,可以登录master节点,使用kubeadm token create –print-join-command 来获取。获取后执行如下。
1 2 3 # 加入集群,如果这里不知道加入集群的命令,可以登录master节点,使用kubeadm token create --print-join-command 来获取 kubeadm join 192.168.31.61:6443 --token ncfrid.7ap0xiseuf97gikl \ --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:47783e9851a1a517647f1986225f104e81dbfd8fb256ae55ef6d68ce9334c6a2
六. 安装flannel(master机器) 以上步骤安装完后,机器搭建起来了,但状态还是NotReady状态,如下图,master机器需要安装flanneld。
1. 下载官方fannel配置文件 使用wget命令,地址为:(https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml),这个地址国内访问不了,所以我把内容复制下来,为了避免前面文章过长,我把它粘贴到文章末尾第八个步骤附录了。
这个yml配置文件中配置了一个国内无法访问的地址(quay.io),我已经将其改为国内可以访问的地址(quay-mirror.qiniu.com)。我们新建一个kube-flannel.yml文件,复制粘贴该内容即可。
2. 安装fannel 1 kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml
七. 大功告成 至此,k8s集群搭建完成,如下图节点已为Ready状态,大功告成,完结撒花。
八. 附录 这是kube-flannel.yml文件的内容,已经将无法访问的地址(quay.io)全部改为国内可以访问的地址(quay-mirror.qiniu.com)。我们新建一个kube-flannel.yml文件,复制粘贴该内容即可。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 --- apiVersion: policy/v1beta1 kind: PodSecurityPolicy metadata: name: psp.flannel.unprivileged annotations: seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: docker/default seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: docker/default apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: runtime/default apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: runtime/default spec: privileged: false volumes: - configMap - secret - emptyDir - hostPath allowedHostPaths: - pathPrefix: "/etc/cni/net.d" - pathPrefix: "/etc/kube-flannel" - pathPrefix: "/run/flannel" readOnlyRootFilesystem: false # Users and groups runAsUser: rule: RunAsAny supplementalGroups: rule: RunAsAny fsGroup: rule: RunAsAny # Privilege Escalation allowPrivilegeEscalation: false defaultAllowPrivilegeEscalation: false # Capabilities allowedCapabilities: ['NET_ADMIN'] defaultAddCapabilities: [] requiredDropCapabilities: [] # Host namespaces hostPID: false hostIPC: false hostNetwork: true hostPorts: - min: 0 max: 65535 # SELinux seLinux: # SELinux is unused in CaaSP rule: 'RunAsAny' --- kind: ClusterRole apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1 metadata: name: flannel rules: - apiGroups: ['extensions'] resources: ['podsecuritypolicies'] verbs: ['use'] resourceNames: ['psp.flannel.unprivileged'] - apiGroups: - "" resources: - pods verbs: - get - apiGroups: - "" resources: - nodes verbs: - list - watch - apiGroups: - "" resources: - nodes/status verbs: - patch --- kind: ClusterRoleBinding apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1 metadata: name: flannel roleRef: apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io kind: ClusterRole name: flannel subjects: - kind: ServiceAccount name: flannel namespace: kube-system --- apiVersion: v1 kind: ServiceAccount metadata: name: flannel namespace: kube-system --- kind: ConfigMap apiVersion: v1 metadata: name: kube-flannel-cfg namespace: kube-system labels: tier: node app: flannel data: cni-conf.json: | { "name": "cbr0", "cniVersion": "0.3.1", "plugins": [ { "type": "flannel", "delegate": { "hairpinMode": true, "isDefaultGateway": true } }, { "type": "portmap", "capabilities": { "portMappings": true } } ] } net-conf.json: | { "Network": "10.244.0.0/16", "Backend": { "Type": "vxlan" } } --- apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: DaemonSet metadata: name: kube-flannel-ds-amd64 namespace: kube-system labels: tier: node app: flannel spec: selector: matchLabels: app: flannel template: metadata: labels: tier: node app: flannel spec: affinity: nodeAffinity: requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution: nodeSelectorTerms: - matchExpressions: - key: beta.kubernetes.io/os operator: In values: - linux - key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch operator: In values: - amd64 hostNetwork: true tolerations: - operator: Exists effect: NoSchedule serviceAccountName: flannel initContainers: - name: install-cni image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-amd64 command: - cp args: - -f - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist volumeMounts: - name: cni mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d - name: flannel-cfg mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/ containers: - name: kube-flannel image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-amd64 command: - /opt/bin/flanneld args: - --ip-masq - --kube-subnet-mgr resources: requests: cpu: "100m" memory: "50Mi" limits: cpu: "100m" memory: "50Mi" securityContext: privileged: false capabilities: add: ["NET_ADMIN"] env: - name: POD_NAME valueFrom: fieldRef: fieldPath: metadata.name - name: POD_NAMESPACE valueFrom: fieldRef: fieldPath: metadata.namespace volumeMounts: - name: run mountPath: /run/flannel - name: flannel-cfg mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/ volumes: - name: run hostPath: path: /run/flannel - name: cni hostPath: path: /etc/cni/net.d - name: flannel-cfg configMap: name: kube-flannel-cfg --- apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: DaemonSet metadata: name: kube-flannel-ds-arm64 namespace: kube-system labels: tier: node app: flannel spec: selector: matchLabels: app: flannel template: metadata: labels: tier: node app: flannel spec: affinity: nodeAffinity: requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution: nodeSelectorTerms: - matchExpressions: - key: beta.kubernetes.io/os operator: In values: - linux - key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch operator: In values: - arm64 hostNetwork: true tolerations: - operator: Exists effect: NoSchedule serviceAccountName: flannel initContainers: - name: install-cni image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm64 command: - cp args: - -f - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist volumeMounts: - name: cni mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d - name: flannel-cfg mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/ containers: - name: kube-flannel image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm64 command: - /opt/bin/flanneld args: - --ip-masq - --kube-subnet-mgr resources: requests: cpu: "100m" memory: "50Mi" limits: cpu: "100m" memory: "50Mi" securityContext: privileged: false capabilities: add: ["NET_ADMIN"] env: - name: POD_NAME valueFrom: fieldRef: fieldPath: metadata.name - name: POD_NAMESPACE valueFrom: fieldRef: fieldPath: metadata.namespace volumeMounts: - name: run mountPath: /run/flannel - name: flannel-cfg mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/ volumes: - name: run hostPath: path: /run/flannel - name: cni hostPath: path: /etc/cni/net.d - name: flannel-cfg configMap: name: kube-flannel-cfg --- apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: DaemonSet metadata: name: kube-flannel-ds-arm namespace: kube-system labels: tier: node app: flannel spec: selector: matchLabels: app: flannel template: metadata: labels: tier: node app: flannel spec: affinity: nodeAffinity: requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution: nodeSelectorTerms: - matchExpressions: - key: beta.kubernetes.io/os operator: In values: - linux - key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch operator: In values: - arm hostNetwork: true tolerations: - operator: Exists effect: NoSchedule serviceAccountName: flannel initContainers: - name: install-cni image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm command: - cp args: - -f - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist volumeMounts: - name: cni mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d - name: flannel-cfg mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/ containers: - name: kube-flannel image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm command: - /opt/bin/flanneld args: - --ip-masq - --kube-subnet-mgr resources: requests: cpu: "100m" memory: "50Mi" limits: cpu: "100m" memory: "50Mi" securityContext: privileged: false capabilities: add: ["NET_ADMIN"] env: - name: POD_NAME valueFrom: fieldRef: fieldPath: metadata.name - name: POD_NAMESPACE valueFrom: fieldRef: fieldPath: metadata.namespace volumeMounts: - name: run mountPath: /run/flannel - name: flannel-cfg mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/ volumes: - name: run hostPath: path: /run/flannel - name: cni hostPath: path: /etc/cni/net.d - name: flannel-cfg configMap: name: kube-flannel-cfg --- apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: DaemonSet metadata: name: kube-flannel-ds-ppc64le namespace: kube-system labels: tier: node app: flannel spec: selector: matchLabels: app: flannel template: metadata: labels: tier: node app: flannel spec: affinity: nodeAffinity: requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution: nodeSelectorTerms: - matchExpressions: - key: beta.kubernetes.io/os operator: In values: - linux - key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch operator: In values: - ppc64le hostNetwork: true tolerations: - operator: Exists effect: NoSchedule serviceAccountName: flannel initContainers: - name: install-cni image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-ppc64le command: - cp args: - -f - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist volumeMounts: - name: cni mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d - name: flannel-cfg mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/ containers: - name: kube-flannel image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-ppc64le command: - /opt/bin/flanneld args: - --ip-masq - --kube-subnet-mgr resources: requests: cpu: "100m" memory: "50Mi" limits: cpu: "100m" memory: "50Mi" securityContext: privileged: false capabilities: add: ["NET_ADMIN"] env: - name: POD_NAME valueFrom: fieldRef: fieldPath: metadata.name - name: POD_NAMESPACE valueFrom: fieldRef: fieldPath: metadata.namespace volumeMounts: - name: run mountPath: /run/flannel - name: flannel-cfg mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/ volumes: - name: run hostPath: path: /run/flannel - name: cni hostPath: path: /etc/cni/net.d - name: flannel-cfg configMap: name: kube-flannel-cfg --- apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: DaemonSet metadata: name: kube-flannel-ds-s390x namespace: kube-system labels: tier: node app: flannel spec: selector: matchLabels: app: flannel template: metadata: labels: tier: node app: flannel spec: affinity: nodeAffinity: requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution: nodeSelectorTerms: - matchExpressions: - key: beta.kubernetes.io/os operator: In values: - linux - key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch operator: In values: - s390x hostNetwork: true tolerations: - operator: Exists effect: NoSchedule serviceAccountName: flannel initContainers: - name: install-cni image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-s390x command: - cp args: - -f - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist volumeMounts: - name: cni mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d - name: flannel-cfg mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/ containers: - name: kube-flannel image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-s390x command: - /opt/bin/flanneld args: - --ip-masq - --kube-subnet-mgr resources: requests: cpu: "100m" memory: "50Mi" limits: cpu: "100m" memory: "50Mi" securityContext: privileged: false capabilities: add: ["NET_ADMIN"] env: - name: POD_NAME valueFrom: fieldRef: fieldPath: metadata.name - name: POD_NAMESPACE valueFrom: fieldRef: fieldPath: metadata.namespace volumeMounts: - name: run mountPath: /run/flannel - name: flannel-cfg mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/ volumes: - name: run hostPath: path: /run/flannel - name: cni hostPath: path: /etc/cni/net.d - name: flannel-cfg configMap: name: kube-flannel-cfg